Essay --

INTRODUCTION Security threats are potential causes of unwanted incident which may result in becoming harmful to the system or organization and assets. The security threats are destruction, modification or unauthorized disclosure of information, destruction or loss of the IT assets, spam and malware. Social networking is a dedicated website or application that enables users to informally communicate with each other by posting, tweet, comment and share. Some example of social networking site is Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Tumblr and LinkedIn. A social networking is built on trust. It is designed for communication that allows users to directly interact with each others. Social networking helps to form network of associates, friend, relatives and acquaintances. It enables users to share information about daily life and have intimate relation with others. There are huge numbers of users in social media Facebook is the highest popular rate that has 1.15 billion users and half of it access to the Facebook every day. Based on social media today until November 2013, there are more than 10 million applications developed in Facebook. Twitter becomes the second most popular media social which has more than 500 million users and 288 million are active users. There are about 20 million fake accounts in Twitter. This number of social networking users will increase in time. By this huge numbers of users in social media there is high risk for users to expose to the social networking threats. Cybercriminals have become more smart and crafty in manipulating with advance technology. It is abusing the users in social media by breaking the users trust. They take advantage of user relationship to click on malicious link or advertisement to get to the... ...ing and this gives the chances for malicious links and threats to disguise as one of the advertisement based on the user interest. User unknowingly will click on these links that popped up to close it, but some of them will already have the access to the user information. There are also bot accounts that will post their contents to the user’s wall; some even post the contents to the user’s groups and friends when the user click on the link that pique their interest. 2. Mobile platform The increment of mobile phone users also inspires the growth of social media users. The rise of social media is inextricably linked with the revolution in mobile computing, which has spawned a huge industry in mobile application development. Naturally, whether using their own or company-issued mobile devices, the users will download many mobile applications just because they want to.

Panera Bread Company Essay

Panera Bread Company is regarded as one of the largest company in the United States that has specialized in the production of breakfast and lunch food for its consumers. Panera Bread Company which was in the years back been referred to as An Bon Pain is reported to be producing products such as baked foods, sandwiches, soups among other food products and beverages. The company is reported to have been founded in the year 1987 by Ken Rosenthan with its headquarters situated in Richmond Missouri in the USA. The company operates in divisions namely; franchise segments; who are licensed to carry out business transactions in the name of the company and retailing operations; which covers over five hundred bakery cafes that are reported to be company owned and over six hundred cafes which are franchised operated in more than thirty five states. In the year 1999 it was expanded into a national restaurant. Panera Bread Company has struggled to survive the growing competition and to effectively utilize its opportunities by utilizing the concept of company analysis which is very critical in modern business world. The aim of Panera Bread Company has always been to become a market leader in production of foods and beverages globally by diversifying and reaching to many new markets. In the year 2005, the company was ranked top forty by the Business Week in the annual list of hot growth companies. By that year its earnings was projected at $ 38 Million with an increase of over 40% in profit. In the year 2007, Zagat rated the company to top the list of Overall Food Facilities and Popularity rankings. Panera Bread Company is further recognized for its involvement in community events such as silent auctions, runs and walks by making donations. SWOT Analysis Modern businesses are faced with changing business environments and Panera Bread Company is not exceptional from facing such changes within their business context. By carrying out SWOT analysis, environment analysis is very decisive to Panera Bread Company and it is usually analyzed in two extents; the external environment and internal environment examination within the business perspective. Research reveals that the analysis of external environment illustrates opportunities and threats that exist in the market for a firm that may be either present or impending. On the other hand, internal environment examination depicts the strengths and weaknesses that the business may face in the market place (Anthony, 1998). Strengths Strength in this context can be identified as that distinctive ability posed by a firm and if the company utilizes such an opportunity it can succeed and can gain competitive advantage, over its rivals in the industry. The most common strength associated with Panera Bread Company is that of being a market leader in the food industry and particularly marketing of bread. Research indicates that Panera Bread Company is better placed than its main rivals in the market in that it has significantly acquired larger market share which is attributed to its diversification to various countries in the world, for example it has opened many subsidiaries in Toronto, Canada. It is also reported that the company has a strong brand name of its products which have significantly aided the company in terms of achieving a larger market share. The other strength that the company has is that of the best marketing channels that have aided marketing of packaging solutions products to a wider range of customers (Kotler, 1996). Weakness Weakness in this context can be referred to as any dimension of a firm that possibly will deter the accomplishment of set objectives by the firm and usually considered to comprise the company’s resources, capabilities and assets that are not fully utilized. From the company’s profile it can be noted that Panera Bread Company has weak policies, procedures and regulations that may deter the attainment of target performance of the company in some target markets. It is also reported that recently, the employees are not motivated to work and there has been complains regarding low pay and poor working conditions among others although such reports have not been proved. The management of the company should therefore look for ways in solving such problems that may affect adversely the performance of the employees and thus the overall performance of the company. Also the culture of Panera Bread Company has been under scrutiny and there has been allegation that the company is producing loaves of bread which are of poor quality, an issue that the management should look at it seriously (Anthony, 1998). Opportunities For companies to achieve the set objectives, they have to identify and devise events or features in the business external environment that will give them an added advantage or chance of performing better than their competitors. Such an event or feature can be referred to as an opportunity because it will create more chances to the company by increasing the current proceeds through acquiring a significant market share. Panera Bread Company has opportunities that if utilized will be of great benefit to the firm because it will lead to exploring and reaching to more new markets. Research indicates that there is greater demand for bread products in Africa and the management of Panera Bread Company should open subsidiaries in some of those countries after carefully analyzing the situational analysis in those potential markets. Since Panera Bread Company is among the market leaders in bakery industry; it is perceived to be having a well developed financial foundation and thus does not face any liquidity or cash flow problems. It is for this reason that the company should explore new markets and can compete across the entire market without fearing that its competitors can outdo them financially. However, before competing Panera Bread Company should carry out cost benefit analysis in order to avoid unnecessary expenditure (Brandenburger and Nalebuff, 1995). Threat In business context, a threat is regarded as an event which if not taken care of it may possibly deter the accomplishment of company’s goals e. g. customers declining income and competition among other events deemed to causing danger to the operations of the business. Panera Bread Company is basically faced with intense rivalry in bread and beverages products since many firms have opted to join the market because it is considered profitable. In fact, in some market segments particularly in Canada there has been a significant drop in terms of the company’s market share because new firms has entered the industry. Globalization concept has brought about new inventions and Panera Bread Company is faced with the task of coping with such innovations, for example the task of training and development programs to educate the employees on new technologies might be costly and difficult to acquire; such as the use of on-line marketing techniques and networking facilities (Anthony, 1998). Competitive Strategy According to research, Panera Bread Company has embarked on identification of markets that bread products and beverages can do best and it is through this that the company has sold a lot in the target areas. This strategy is normally referred to as segmentation; where the company has avoided competing entirely across the entire food industry but instead targeting certain markets i. e. bread and some beverages markets. Market segmentation will be an ideal situation for Panera Bread Company since competing across the entire market is expensive and considered to entail a lot of risks that the firm cannot sustain for example unfair competition by its rivals in the market (Bagley and Savage, 2006). This will involve Panera Bread Company marketing staff subdividing the existing market into different subsets of clientele where each division may be chosen as an intended market to be explored with a different marketing mix strategy. In essence, target marketing strategy will involve market segmentation which Panera Bread Company will have to find it on the acknowledgment that any segment comprises of potential buyers of bread products and beverages with diverse needs and dissimilar buying behavior. After carefully developing and subdividing the entire market to segments or the target markets, Panera Bread Company should then position itself on how to carry out the marketing activities in order to meet the overall objective of the corporation. Under this; positioning will imply to the formation of limits for bread products and beverages in the minds of the intended market in relation to the rivalry faced. Positioning of any firm including Panera Bread Company is very essential since it forms the foundation of all the communication of the company that comprise the following; branding, publicity, advertising and packaging among other strategies. Therefore it will be prudent for Panera Bread Company to create a single unique position which will operate as a guide for marketing communications involved thus will aid in transmission of steady image (Cullen and Parboteeah, 2005). HR and its Importance Since the mission statement of Panera Bread Company is clear, that it aims at being the market leader of producing bread products and some beverages not only locally but globally it should implement its marketing strategies particularly in the identified target markets. Implementation is putting in to action whatever plan or strategy that the management had formulated and therefore human resource is the most crucial asset in this stage. Research indicates that any company must motivate and provide clear direction to its human resource in order to attain its objectives. Therefore, Panera Bread Company should clearly identify the needs of its employees and try to meet them in order to give them an ample opportunity to serve diligently and be dedicated to the company. By offering a competitive package and offering performance contracts to the employees; ensures that they perform to the fullest because they will be highly motivated to work. Good leadership and management skills will be essential to Panera Bread Company’s management staff in order to command respect from the employees (Hilltop and Sparrow, 1994). Recommendations Panera Bread Company should note that nowadays, it is possible to use e-business through the internet for distribution purposes especially when dealing with international businesses. Digital innovations coupled with rapid growth in new technologies are changing the way distribution channels for companies and Panera Bread Company is able to use such hi-tech communication channels to monitor progresses in the market places not only in USA but globally. The company should further utilize modern entry market modes which such as Foreign direct Investments and licensing in order to build long-term markets in its target markets. It will be possible to also adopt joint ventures which will make possible for Panera Bread Company to gather enough market information quickly and familiarize itself with the laws, regulations and needs of the customers in the target market (Grant, 2005). Conclusion Panera Bread Company is among the current market leaders in the food industry and therefore stands a better chance of attaining a significant market share as a result of the brand name of its bread products and beverages that are regarded to be of high quality. Every business including Panera Bread Company is faced with challenges and it has to fully adhere to market regulations in order to avoid unfair competition. The concept of globalization cannot be written off either since many firms including Panera Bread Company has diversified to various markets and there are threats and opportunities associated with such globalization. Therefore the company should formulate strategies that are considered global in nature in order to meet the current expectations of the customers in the target customers. Such strategies like build, harvest or divest should be considered by the Panera Bread Company when assessing the performance of its products in its target markets. Management functions of planning, directing, leading and controlling should be adhered to by the management of Panera Bread Company in order to significantly improve the operations of the company by achieving the required targets (Kotler, 1996)

How the Meanings of Words Change

Stick around long enough and youll notice that language changes—whether you like it or not. Consider this recent report from columnist Martha Gill on the redefinition of the word literally: Its happened. Literally the most misused word in the language has officially changed definition. Now as well as meaning in a literal manner or sense; exactly: the driver took it literally when asked to go straight over the traffic circle, various dictionaries have added its other more recent usage. As Google puts it, literally can be used to acknowledge that something is not literally true but is used for emphasis or to express strong feeling. . . .Literally, you see, in its development from knock-kneed, single-purpose utterance, to swan-like dual-purpose term, has reached that awkward stage. It is neither one nor the other, and it cant do anything right.(Martha Gill, Have We Literally Broken the English Language? The Guardian [UK], August 13, 2013) Changes in word meanings (a process called semantic shift) happen for various reasons and in various ways. Four common types of change are broadening, narrowing, amelioration, and pejoration. (For more detailed discussions of these processes, click on the highlighted terms.) BroadeningAlso known as generalization or extension, broadening is the process by which a words meaning becomes more inclusive than an earlier meaning. In Old English, for instance, the word dog referred to just one particular breed, and thing meant a public assembly. In contemporary English, of course, dog can refer to many different breeds, and thing can refer to, well, anything.NarrowingThe opposite of broadening is narrowing (also called specialization or restriction), a type of semantic change in which a words meaning becomes less inclusive. For example, in Middle English, deer could refer to any animal, and girl could mean a young person of either sex. Today, those words have more specific meanings.AmeliorationAmelioration refers to the upgrading or rise in status of a words meaning. For example, meticulous once meant fearful or timid, and sensitive meant simply capable of using ones senses.PejorationMore common than amelioration is the downgrading or depreciation of a words me aning, a process called pejoration. The adjective silly, for instance, once meant blessed or innocent, officious meant hard working, and aggravate meant to increase the weight of something. Whats worth keeping in mind is that meanings dont change over night. Different meanings  of the same word often overlap, and new meanings can co-exist with older meanings for centuries. In linguistic terms, polysemy is the rule, not the exception. Words are by nature incurably fuzzy, says linguist Jean Aitchison in the book Language Change: Progress Or Decay. In  recent years, the adverb literally has become exceptionally fuzzy. In fact, it has slipped into the rare category of Janus words, joining terms like sanction, bolt, and fix that contain opposite or contradictory meanings. Martha Gill concludes that theres not much we can do about literally. The awkward stage that its going through may last for quite some time. It is a moot word, she says. We just have to leave it up in its bedroom for a while until it grows up a bit. More About Language Change The Endless Decline of the English LanguageThe Great Vowel ShiftInconceivable!: 5 Words That May Not Mean What You Think They MeanKey Dates in the History of the English LanguageSix Common Myths About LanguageSemantic Change and the Etymological Fallacy

The Farmer Security Administration Office Of War Information

When examining American photography you must discuss the Farmer Security Administration-Office of War Information, also referred to as the FSA/OWI. This administration was the single and most significant documentary photography project in the history of United States. Photographs taken by members of the FSA/OWI all display and represent American society in different ways to help give a better understanding of major historic events occurring in the United States at this time. The members of the FSA use many formal elements to help illustrate society and its cultural that will enhance our understanding of the FSA/OWI project and United States. In addition, these formal elements such as lighting, framing, subject matter, and detail are used†¦show more content†¦The first photograph I am going to discuss is photo of Ellery Shufelt with his children in Albany County, New York. Arthur Rothstein took this photograph in 1937, which was when the Great Depression was taking place in t he United States. This photograph depicts many of these formal elements and techniques such as, framing, lighting, composition, and space to help portray the true meaning of the image. Arthur Rothstein uses the technique known as composition, which can be defined as the organization of the photograph by inserting elements in particular places and sizes. This assumption can be made because Rothstein places the Ellery Shufelt and his children in specific areas of the photograph to help capture an emotion or option about how people live and work American society at this time. Also, the framing and position of the door and chair outlines the photograph asymmetrically for the viewer. The door offsets the image by dividing the image with a vertical line. This basically crops the photograph making the viewer focus on the father and his children rather than the background itself. In addition, the level the camera intensifies the feeling and framing by making you feel eye level with the s ubjects. The use of framing allowed the photograph to make you focus and control how you perceive the image. Another element I have noticed

Sexuality Among Young Adults The Role Of Parents

Sexuality among Young Adults: the Role of Parents Catherine M Peralta Dr. Fernandez Panther ID 2986720 Childhood psychopathology FALL 2014 Abstract There is no doubt that discussing matters of sexuality with children is a topic that is closely guarded in many communities. However, when parents fail to talk to their children about this topic, the results that ensue are regrettable. When young people are not educated about sex, they end up having premarital unsafe sex. This phenomenon has contributed to high cases of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted disease among adolescents. This paper outlines the significance of talking to children at a very early age. It emphasizes that parents ought to discuss matters of sexuality with their children in order to address the ever increasing cases of sexual irresponsibility among young adults. Sexuality among Young Adults: the Role of Parents Sexuality is a topic that is not easily discussed in the open especially when children are involved. In many cultures, matters pertaining to sexuality are kept secret, and most of the time children learn about sexuality from their peers (Pedlow Carey, 2003). There are so many myths surrounding sexuality in many cultures, and this hinders parents from talking to their children about sexuality (Pedlow Carey, 2003). Consequently, cases of teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted illnesses among the youth has been on the rise in different parts of the world.Show MoreRelatedComprehensive Reality-Based Sexuality Education Essay549 Words   |  3 PagesComprehensive Reality-Based Sexuality Education What is comprehensive, reality-based sexuality education? 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Grand Tour free essay sample

The Grand Tour was the traditional trip of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means. The custom flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale rail transit in the 1840s, and was associated with a standard itinerary. It served as an educational rite of passage. Though primarily associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry, similar trips were made by wealthy young men of Protestant Northern European nations on the Continent, and from the second half of the 18th century some South American, U. S. , and other overseas youth joined in. The tradition was extended to include more of the middle class after rail and steamship travel made the journey less of a burden, and Thomas Cook made the Cooks Tour a byword. The New York Times recently described the Grand Tour in this way: Three hundred years ago, wealthy young Englishmen began taking a post-Oxbridge trek through France and Italy in search of art, culture and the roots of Western civilization. Gross, Matt. ,  Lessons From the Frugal Grand Tour. New York Times 5 September 2008. The primary value of the Grand Tour, it was believed, lay in the exposure both to the cultural legacy of classical antiquity and the Renaissance, and to the aristocratic and fashionably polite society of the European continent. In addition, it provided the only opportunity to view specific works of art, and possibly the only chance to hear certain music. A grand tour could last from several months to several years. It was commonly undertaken in the company of a Cicerone, a knowledgeable guide or tutor. The Grand Tour had more than superficial cultural importance; as E. P. Thompson stated, ruling-class control in the 18th century was located primarily in a cultural hegemony, and only secondarily in an expression of economic or physical (military) power. [1] In essence the Grand Tour was neither a scholars pilgrimage nor a religious one,[2] though a pleasurable stay in Venice and a cautious residence in Rome were essential. Catholic Grand Tourists followed the same routes as Protestant Whigs. Since the 17th century a tour to such places was also considered essential for budding young artists to understand proper painting and sculpture techniques, though the trappings of the Grand Tour— valets and coachmen, perhaps a cook, certainly a bear-leader or scholarly guide— were beyond their reach. The advent of popular guides, such as the Richardsons, did much to popularize such trips, and following the artists themselves, the elite considered travel to such centres as necessary rites of passage. For gentlemen, some works of art were essential to demonstrate the breadth and polish they had received from their tour: in Rome antiquaries like Thomas Jenkins provided access to private collections of antiquities, among which enough proved to be for sale that the English market raised the price of such things, as well as for coins and medals, which formed more portable souvenirs and a respected gentlemans guide to ancient history. Pompeo Batoni made a career of painting English milordi posed with graceful ease among Roman antiquities. Many continued on to Naples, where they viewed Herculaneum and Pompeii, but few ventured far into southern Italy and fewer still to Greece, still under Turkish rule. Contents   [hide]   * 1 History * 2 Travel itinerary * 3 Published accounts * 4 On television * 5 See also * 6 Notes * 7 References * 8 External links| [edit] History Rome for many centuries had been the goal of pilgrims, specially during Jubilee when they visited the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome. In Britain, Thomas Coryats travel book Coryats Crudities (1611), published during the Twelve Years Truce, was an early influence on the Grand Tour but it was the far more extensive tour through Italy as far as Naples undertaken by the Collector Earl of Arundel, together with his wife and children in 1613-14 that established the most significant precedent. This is partly because he asked Inigo Jones, not yet established as an architect but already known as a great traveller and masque designer, to act as his cicerone (guide). [3] Larger numbers of tourists began their tours after the Peace of Munster in 1648. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first recorded use of the term (perhaps its introduction to English) was by Richard Lassels (c. 1603–1668), an expatriate Roman Catholic priest, in his book The Voyage of Italy, which was published posthumously in Paris in 1670 and then in London. [4] Lasselss introduction listed four areas in which travel furnished an accomplished, consummate Traveller: the intellectual, the social, the ethical (by the opportunity of drawing moral instruction from all the traveller saw), and the political. Portrait of Douglas, 8th Duke of Hamilton, on his Grand Tour with his physician Dr John Moore and the latters son John. A view of Geneva is in the distance where they stayed for two years. Painted by Jean Preudhomme in 1774. The idea of traveling for the sake of curiosity and learning was a developing idea in the 17th century. With John Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690), it was argued, and widely accepted, that knowledge comes entirely from the external senses, that what one knows comes from the physical stimuli to which one has been exposed. Thus, one could use up the environment, taking from it all it offers, requiring a change of place. Travel, therefore, was necessary for one to develop the mind and expand knowledge of the world. As a young man at the outset of his account of a repeat Grand Tour, the historian Edward Gibbon remarked that According to the law of custom, and perhaps of reason, foreign travel completes the education of an English gentleman. Consciously adapted for intellectual self-improvement, Gibbon was revisiting the Continent on a larger and more liberal plan; most Grand Tourists did not pause more than briefly in libraries. On the eve of the Romantic era he played a significant part in introducing, William Beckford wrote a vivid account of his Grand Tour that made Gibbons unadventurous Italian tour look distinctly conventional. [5] The typical 18th-century sentiment was that of the studious observer traveling through foreign lands reporting his findings on human nature for those unfortunate enough to have stayed home. Recounting ones observations to society at large to increase its welfare was considered an obligation; the Grand Tour flourished in this mindset. 6] The Grand Tour not only provided a liberal education but allowed those who could afford it the opportunity to buy things otherwise unavailable at home, and it thus increased participants prestige and standing. Grand Tourists would return with crates of art, books, pictures, sculpture, and items of culture, which would be displayed in libraries, cabinets, gardens, and drawing rooms, as well as the galleries built purposely for their display; Th e Grand Tour became a symbol of wealth and freedom. Artists who especially thrived on Grand Tourists included Carlo Maratti, who was first patronized by John Evelyn as early as 1645,[7] Pompeo Batoni the portraitist, and the vedutisti such as Canaletto, Pannini and Guardi. The less well-off could return with an album of Piranesi etchings. The perhaps in Gibbons opening remark cast an ironic shadow over his resounding statement. [8] Critics of the Grand Tour derided its lack of adventure. The tour of Europe is a paltry thing, said one 18th century critic, a tame, uniform, unvaried prospect. 9] The Grand Tour was said to reinforce the old preconceptions and prejudices about national characteristics, as Jean Gailhards Compleat Gentleman (1678) observes: French courteous. Spanish lordly. Italian amorous. German clownish. [9] The deep suspicion with which Tour was viewed at home in England, where it was feared that the very experiences that completed the British gentleman might well undo him, were epitomised in the sarcastic nativist view of the ostentatiously well-travelled maccaroni of the 1760s and 1770s. Northerners found the contrast between Roman ruins and modern peasants of the Roman Campagna an educational lesson in vanities[citation needed] (painting by Nicolaes Pietersz Berchem, 1661, Mauritshuis) After the arrival of steam-powered transportation, around 1825, the Grand Tour custom continued, but it was of a qualitative difference — cheaper to undertake, safer, easier, open to anyone. During much of the 19th century, most educated young men of privilege undertook the Grand Tour. Germany and Switzerland came to be included in a more broadly defined circuit. Later, it became fashionable for young women as well; a trip to Italy, with a spinster aunt as chaperon, was part of the upper-class womans education, as in E. M. Forsters novel A Room with a View. At least into the late 1960s organized bus tours staffed by teachers took American high school graduates on eight-week trips across Europe. These roughly followed the traditional route, but flying the longer segments expanded the area covered to include parts of Scandinavia. [edit] Travel itinerary The most common itinerary of the Grand Tour[10] shifted across generations in the cities it embraced, but the British tourist usually began in Dover, England and crossed the English Channel to Ostend,[11] in the Spanish Netherlands/Belgium, or to Calais or Le Havre in France. From there the tourist, usually accompanied by a tutor (known colloquially as a bear-leader) and (if wealthy enough) a troop of servants, could rent or acquire a coach (which could be resold in any city or disassembled and packed across the Alps, as in Giacomo Casanovas travels, who resold it on completion), or opt to make the trip by boat as far as the Alps, either traveling up the Seine to Paris, or up the Rhine to Basel. Upon hiring a French-speaking guide (French served as the language of the elite in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries) the tourist and his entourage would travel to Paris. There the traveler might undertake lessons in French, dancing, fencing, and riding. The appeal of Paris lay in the sophisticated language and manners of French high society, including courtly behavior and fashion. This served the purpose of preparing the young man for a leadership position at home, often in government or diplomacy. Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland (1640-1702), painted in classical dress in Rome by Carlo Maratti From Paris he would typically go to urban Switzerland for a while, often to Geneva (the cradle of the Protestant Reformation) or Lausanne. [12] (Alpinism or mountaineering developed in the 19th century. ) From there the traveler would endure a difficult crossing over the Alps into northern Italy (such as at the Great St Bernard Pass), which included dismantling the carriage and luggage. [12] If wealthy enough, he might be carried over the hard terrain by servants. Once in Italy, the tourist would visit Turin (and, less often, Milan), then might spend a few months in Florence, where there was a considerable Anglo-Italian society accessible to traveling Englishmen of quality and where the Tribuna of the Uffizi gallery brought together in one space the monuments of High Renaissance paintings and Roman sculptures that would inspire picture galleries adorned with antiquities at home, with side trips to Pisa, then move on to Padua,[13] Bologna, and Venice. The British idea of Venice as the locus of decadent Italianate allure made it an epitome and cultural setpiece of the Grand Tour. [14][15] From Venice the traveler went to Rome to study the ruins of ancient Rome, and the masterpieces of painting, sculpture, and architecture of Romes Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Some travelers also visited Naples to study music, and (after the mid-18th century) to appreciate the recently-discovered archaeological sites of Herculaneum and Pompeii, and perhaps (for the adventurous) an ascent of Mount Vesuvius. Later in the period the more adventurous, especially if provided with a yacht, might attempt Sicily (the site of Greek ruins) or even Greece itself. But Naples or later Paestum further south was the usual terminus. From here the traveler traversed the Alps heading north through to the German-speaking parts of Europe. The traveler might stop first in Innsbruck before visiting Vienna, Dresden, Berlin and Potsdam, with perhaps some study time at the universities in Munich or Heidelberg. From there travelers visited Holland and Flanders (with more gallery-going and art appreciation) before returning across the Channel to England. [edit] Published accounts William Beckfords Grand Tour through Europe shown in red. Published (and often polished) accounts of personal experiences on the Grand Tour provide illuminating detail and a first-hand perspective of the experience. Of some accounts offered in their own lifetimes, Jeremy Black[16] detects the element of literary artifice in these and cautions that they should be approached as travel literature rather than unvarnished accounts. He lists as examples Joseph Addison, John Andrews,[17] William Thomas Beckford, whose Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents was a published account of his letters back home in 1780, embellished with stream-of-consciousness associations, William Coxe,[18] Elizabeth Craven,[19] John Moore, tutor to successive dukes of Hamilton,[20] Samuel Jackson Pratt, Tobias Smollett, Philip Thicknesse,[21] and Arthur Young. The letters written by sisters Mary and Ida Saxton of Canton, Ohio in 1869 while on a six-month tour offer insight into the Grand Tour tradition from an American perspective. [22] [edit] On television In 2009, the Grand Tour featured prominently in a PBS miniseries based on the novel Little Dorrit by Charles Dickens. Produced with attention to detail, and in settings, mainly Venice, it portrayed the Grand Tour as an essential ritual for entry to English high society. Kevin McCloud presented Kevin McClouds Grand Tour on Channel 4 during the late summer and early autumn of 2009. The four part series saw Kevin retrace the popular tour by British architects through the last four centuries. In 2005, British art historian Brian Sewell followed in the footsteps of the Grand Tourist for a 10 part television series Brian Sewells Grand Tour. Produced by UKs Channel Five, Sewell travelled across Italy by car stopping off in Rome, Florence, Vesuvius, Naples, Pompeii, Turin, Milan, Cremona, Siena, Bologna, Vicenza, Paestum, Urbino, Tivoli. His journey concluded in Venice at a masked ball. In 1998, the BBC produced an art history series Sister Wendys Grand Tour presented by Carmelite nun Sister Wendy. Ostensibly an art history series, the journey takes her from Madrid to Saint Petersburg with stop offs to see the great masterpieces. [edit]

The Emerald Forest free essay sample

All About â€Å"The Emerald Forest† movie â€Å"The Emerald Forest† is a movie produced by John Boorman in 1985 and based on a true story in the Brazilian Rainforest. The film is a about Tommy, a young boy, quickly and silently taken away by a tribe in the Amazon called, The Invisible People. His dad then, spends 10 years searching for him and eventually succeeds after running into a war party with another tribe called, The Fierce People -enemies of the invisible people- who pursue him. They finally meet by chance, but the boy refuses to go back to his original family and civilization and explains that he belongs to the forest now. The father couldnt understand the choice made by Tommy and asks the chief of the tribe to order the boy to return with him. Then, the chief says : â€Å"If I told a man to do what he does not want to do, I would no longer be chief. We will write a custom essay sample on The Emerald Forest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † This statement means that the chief always agrees with whatever the members of his tribe plan to do, he simply respects their choices. Thats the difference between these â€Å"primitive† society and our own. For example, in Morocco, it is normal for the state or even your teacher to order you for everything and around every day of your life. Authority is always respected and people are generally more quiet and reserved around their superiors. They will not be upfront or direct with those above them. However, in some cases, it could have meetings and people may debates and speak over with their bosses. Compared to the authority structure of the invisibles, their chief behaves as a counselor, does give advices instead of orders. In my society, the government has the power to command and doesnt care about wishes, wants and opinions of its community. And if we try to make a list of the differences and similarities between the invisibles and us, we will end up hating the system of our life. The Invisibles are peaceful people who live isolated and dont have contact with globalised civilization. Their have their own cultures and believes. They tend to enlarge their community by finding the perfect match for either men or women. They care about each other and cant live separately. Why? Because they believe in working together to face the rude life of the Amazon Forest. At this point, we can say that their lifestyle is a bit similar to ours but we really ignore the huge value of the forest as they do. The technology in general, is known as an application of science or knowledge, in order to perform a specific function and achieve a goal. The invisibles use their knowledge by making for example, knives, arrows †¦ but the Westerns use it for big investment such as building a dam. Actually, our Tommy has been kidnapped while watching his father directing the construction of a huge dam. When the invisible people see the young boy, they figure out he would be better off with them rather than with The Termite People. The name given to the white men,greedy developers, who seem to devour and destroy all the trees as the termite insect. As a conclusion of the meaning of technology, the westerns enjoy using the technology because it helps them to develop and have better life. But, the invisibles disagree with it and can do miracles to stay safe from termite people. You can see that in the end of the movie when Tommy prays for frogs believing that when frogs sing it rains. And rains will make a flood that could tear down the almost complete dam. Its one of the art of fusion with spirits revealed in the culture of the invisibles, such as merging with spirit of an eagle, to know the place of the Emerald stones and get them to camouflage their appearance. As Tomme was raised by the invisibles, he becomes one of them. And at a certain point, he had to go through specific rite of passage so he can become a man. The point being that, if he manages to survive an ordeal – which is letting kind of insects (aunts) bites him without fighting it all night long and dipping him in the water for renewal (like baptism) –, he will then become a true man, ready to take on the real world. After that, he was sent to hunt for the special stones and it is in this quest that Tomme and his real father, Bill, crossed path again. Tomme found him wounded and brought him back to the tribe. He asked the chief of the tribe to help healing Bill. And thats another power that only the chief can use it. He is able to suck any disease out of someone and blend with a spirit useful to have a powerful protection in advance. Bill go better and had also the chance to attend Tommes wedding ceremony. Actually, when one of the invisible tribe would like to get married, he has to give some sacred rocks to his father in law and is supposed to knock out his future wife in front of the villagers, then carry her off into the forest and celebrate the ceremony. Compared to traditions of the wedding night, the funeral ceremonies are totally different. When one of them dies, they used to burn the body and mix the ashes and blood together and drink it one by one. Why? Because the think, y drinking the mixing, they will keep the soul of the dead inside them and never forget it. I really dont blame Tommy for deciding living the rest of his life in the forest. Why? Because the human need that appear to bring happiness are Autonomy – Feeling that your activities are self chosen – , competence – feeling that you are effective – , relatedness – feeling a sense of closeness –, and self esteem. In our deep heart, we know that popularity, money or luxury won t make us happy because none of these can buy love, personality or intelligence. According to Sigmund Freud, there is no way to be truly happy but believes, in general, that happiness is every person’s goal in life, however, there are different social factors that negatively affect a person’s happiness. These include love, sexuality ( Eros ), ourselves, control, death and aggression ( Thanatos ) . Eros is an instinct that leads to reproduction and Thanatos in another instinct that leads to destruction. And this is exactly how the lifestyle of the invisible people is. They love each other, they care about each other, they marry and have children and die at the end. They live without control of any other part, so we can say that they are less repressive than our own culture. Otherwise, civilized humans feel that they are overpowered by nature. Although in many ways we have conquered nature with modern technological advancement, there is still anxiety and question of the unknown as well as evolution itself. Many times, our own personal relations can make one unhappy. Love, friendships, and family all can have both a positive and negative affect on happiness, depending if a person’s individual needs are satisfied. Lastly, society itself can cause unhappiness over law and control. The laws of a civilization reflect the needs of a society as a whole, not the individual person only. To be honest, I dont imagine myself living with the invisible people, especially in the most dangerous forest of the world. Even, they seem to be more sincere and straight than us, I would prefer to live in civilization, wearing clothes, having a real house and a car to move wherever I want, getting a good education and having the opportunity to travel and discover other places in all over the world. I cant live in a place where there is no safety and security, anytime you can get hurt by enemies, like animals, insects or other tribes. Otherwise, we can learn many things from their culture. And the most important thing is they never give up or lose hope and tend to find other ways to survive, help and protect each other. They also have the ability to adapt to changes, they can move from place to place without even thinking to what they can face on their unknown way. And, Im pretty sure that they can be useful to recovery many medical conditions.